3.115:
Narrated Talha bin 'Ubaidullah: A bedouin with unkempt hair
came to Allah's Apostle and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Inform
me what Allah has made compulsory for me as regards the
prayers." He replied: "You have to offer perfectly the five
compulsory prayers in a day and night (24 hours), unless you
want to pray Nawafil." The bedouin further asked, "Inform me
what Allah has made compulsory for me as regards fasting." He
replied, "You have to fast during the whole month of Ramadan,
unless you want to fast more as Nawafil." The bedouin further
asked, "Tell me how much Zakat Allah has enjoined on me."
Thus, Allah's Apostle informed him about all the rules (i.e.
fundamentals) of Islam. The bedouin then said, "By Him Who has
honored you, I will neither perform any Nawafil nor will I
decrease what Allah has enjoined on me. Allah's Apostle said,
"If he is saying the truth, he will succeed (or he will be
granted Paradise).
3.116:
Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet observed the fast on the 10th
of Muharram ('Ashura), and ordered (Muslims) to fast on that
day, but when the fasting of the month of Ramadan was
prescribed, the fasting of the 'Ashura' was abandoned.
`Abdullah did not use to fast on that day unless it coincided
with his routine fasting by chance.
3.117:
Narrated `Aisha:
(The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura' in
the Pre−Islamic period, and then Allah's Apostle ordered
(Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of
Ramadan was prescribed; whereupon the Prophet said, "He who
wants to fast (on 'Ashura') may fast, and he who does not want
to fast may not fast."

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